Java Intermediate¶
Java Intermediate
written by sean base on following books
Github | https://github.com/newsteinking/High_pythondocminecraft
Chapter 0: About¶
Python minecraft Curriculm
by seanBase on Python : Learn to Program with Minecraft
Thanks to¶
잠시나마 오픈소스에 대한 희망을 안겨주었던 멤버들에게 감사의 마음을 전합니다. 다들 다른곳에서 각자 열심히 일하는데 모두들 건승하길 바랍니다.
- sean
- Mr Ju SS
- OSS Members
SEAN’s Paradise¶
I think that My Life as Software Engineer was torrible , but it’s role for social is important so, I keep going for better life & software development
chapter 1: Setting Up for Your Adventure¶
1.1 Setting Up Your Windows PC¶
Install Python¶
python을 다음 사이트에서 받는다.
https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/
인스톨을 특정 디렉토리에 인스톨한다.
D:\SEANLAB\PYTHON\Python3.7\Lib\site-packages\mcpi\minecraft.py
그리고 윈도우 시스템 설정에서 path를 잡아 준다.
one drive에서 다음 경로로 가면 MinecraftPythonAPI.zip 인스톨 한다.
D:\OneDrive\OneDrive_4619\OneDrive - leverage innovative users\devtools\minecraft
minecraft.py 화일을 열어
@staticmethod
def create(address = "localhost", port = 4711):
return Minecraft(Connection(address, port))
다음과 같이 변경한다.
@staticmethod
def create(address = "192.168.30.9", port = 4711):
return Minecraft(Connection(address, port))
Install JDK¶
다음 사이트에서 받는다.
http://www.java.com/en/download/
윈도우 시스템 변수에 JAVA_HOME C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151 그리고 path 변수에
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_151\bin
를 넣는다.
1.2 Setting Up Your Mac¶
skip this sub chapter..
1.3 Setting Up Your Raspberry Pi¶
skip this sub chapter..
1.4 Getting to Know IDLE¶
IDLE에 다음 코드를 입력해 보자
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
from mcpi import block
mc = Minecraft.create()
mc.postToChat("test")
mc.postToChat(4+5)
mc.postToChat(178+234)
1.5 Testing Your Minecraft Python Setup¶
1.6 Python이란¶
Interpreter,no compile¶
Python is a high-level programming language, with applications in numerous areas, including web programming, scripting, scientific computing, and artificial intelligence. It is very popular and used by organizations such as Google, NASA, the CIA, and Disney. Python is processed at runtime by the interpreter. There is no need to compile your program before executing it.
Python 3.X,CPython¶
The three major versions of Python are 1.x, 2.x and 3.x. These are subdivided into minor versions, such as 2.7 and 3.3. Code written for Python 3.x is guaranteed to work in all future versions. Both Python Version 2.x and 3.x are used currently. This course covers Python 3.x, but it isn’t hard to change from one version to another.
Python has several different implementations, written in various languages. The version used in this course, CPython, is the most popular by far.
print(“Hello world!”)¶
Let’s start off by creating a short program that displays “Hello world!”. In Python, we use the print statement to output text:
print(‘Hello world!’)¶
chapter 2: 변수로 이동하기¶
2.1 프로그램이란 무엇인가¶
컴퓨터가 특정한 업무를 할 수 있도록 일련의 명령 집합이다.
2.2 변수값 저장하기¶
이 장에서 배우게 될 중요한 내용은 변수이다. variable 로 표현되며 여러가지 내용물을 채울 수 있는 모양이 변형되는 그릇이라고 생각하면 된다.
pickaxes = 12 할당해 보자.
bread=145 할당해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import time
pickaxes = 12
bread=145
time.sleep(2)
mc.postToChat(pickaxes)
time.sleep(2)
mc.postToChat(bread)
다음은 입력이 안된다.
pickaxes = 12 iron = 30 cobblestone = 25
상기처럼 계속 입력행태가 들어가면 오류가 난다.
Syntax Rules for Variables¶
다음은 변수로 쓸수 없는 규칙이다.
Don’t include symbols in your variable names, except for underscores (_), or you’ll get a syntax error.
Don’t start a variable name with a number, as in 9bread. Using numbers elsewhere in a variable name is fine, as in bread9.
You don’t need to add spaces on either side of the equal sign: your program will run fine without them. But they do make the code easier to read, so it’s a good idea to add them.
변수 이름에 심볼을 넣으면 안된다.예외 _ 숫자로 첫 변수이름을 쓰면 안된다. 예 ,9bread, bread9 OK 할당 (=) 기호에 스페이스를 넣을 필요가 없다.
변수에 값이 저장되었더라도, 그것은 저장이 안된다. 변수값은 컴퓨터의 임시 저장소에 저장된다. 따라서 프로그램이 바뀌거나 하면 값이 사라지게 된다. IDLE에서 변수값이 저장되는지 확인해 보자.
변수값 바꾸기¶
변수는 변경이 가능하다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import time
pickaxes = 12
bread=145
time.sleep(2)
mc.postToChat(pickaxes)
time.sleep(2)
mc.postToChat(bread)
time.sleep(2)
pickaxes = 30
bread=20
time.sleep(2)
mc.postToChat(pickaxes)
time.sleep(2)
mc.postToChat(bread)
Integers¶
정수를 의미한다. 다음에서 x,y,z 변수값을 넣어 보자. 라즈베리 파이에서 평면은 X : -127 ~ 127 Y : -127 ~ 127 Z : -127 ~ 127 공간 안에서만 입력할 수 있다. 프로그램상에서는 다양한 값을 넣을 수 있다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
import mcpi.block as block
import time
mc = Minecraft.create()
#Set x, y, and z variables to represent coordinates
x = 60
y = 1
z = 113
"""
x = 0
y = 0
z = 0
"""
#Change the player's position
# mc.player.setTilePos(x, y, z)
mc.player.setTilePos(x, y, z)
time.sleep(5)
mc.postToChat("this is sean notebook")
Floats¶
정수를 포함한 소수까지 확장은 넓은 변수이다. 소숫점 이하 정확한 지점까지 이동해 보자.
#Connect to Minecraft
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
#Set x, y, and z variables to represent coordinates
x = 63.5
y = 1.0
z = 113.5
#Change the player's position
mc.player.setPos(x, y, z)
2.3 타임 모듈을 이용해서 천천히 또는 잠시 대기상태를 만들어보자¶
player를 좀 느리게 처리를 하려면 다음 모듈을 쓰면 된다.
import time
time.sleep(초)
2.4 Debugging¶
Everyone makes mistakes
다음을 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
#Set x, y, and z variables to represent coordinates
#x = 63.5
y = 1.0
z = 113.5
#Change the player's position
mc.player.setPos(x, y, z)
버그를 수정해 보자. 버그 1
from mcpi.minceraft inport Minecraft
# mc = Minecraft.create()
x = 10
y = 11
z = 12
버그를 수정해 보자. 버그 2
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
x = 120
y = 4
z = -12
# mc.player.setPos(x, z, y)
mc.player.setTilePos(x, y, z)
2.5 What You Learned¶
player position
variables - integers - floats
setPos() setTilePos() time.sleep(초)
chapter 3: Building Quickly and Traveling Far with Math¶
이 장에서는 블락과 복잡한 구조물을 만드는 법을 배우도록 하겠다.
3.1 Expressions and Statements¶
You can combine values, variables, and operators to create small pieces of code called expressions, like 2 + 2. Expressions can be combined into statements
3.2 Operators¶
operators are used to alter and combine numbers.
Addition¶
다음은 출력해 보자
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
mc.postToChat(3+4)
Mission #5: Stack Blocks¶
여기서는 setBlock() 함수를 써보자 다음 코드에서 알수 있듯이 x,y,z,blockid가 들어간다. 다음을 실행해 보자. block id =0 인경우는 Air로 블럭을 지우는 효과가 있다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
import time
mc = Minecraft.create()
# x = 6
# y = 5
# z = 28
x = 100
y = 1
z = -100
# pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
# x = pos.x
# y = pos.y
# z = pos.z
time.sleep(2)
mc.player.setPos(x,y,z-5)
blockType = 103
#blockType = 0
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, blockType)
time.sleep(2)
y = y + 1
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, blockType)
time.sleep(2)
y = y + 1
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, blockType)
time.sleep(2)
y = y + 1
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, blockType)
block id는 아래 자세히 나와 있다.
Mission #6: Super Jump¶
점프를 해보자. 다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
import time
mc = Minecraft.create()
position = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = position.x
y = position.y
z = position.z
y = y + 10
time.sleep(5)
mc.player.setTilePos(x, y, z)
Subtraction¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
mc.postToChat(3-4)
Mission #7: Change the Blocks Under You¶
발밑에 용암을 만들고 용암에 빠지지 않도록 이동하는 미션을 수행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
import time
mc = Minecraft.create()
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
blockType = 10
y = y - 1
time.sleep(5)
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, blockType)
mc.player.setTilePos(x-3,y,z-3)
Using Math Operators in Arguments¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자. 전달자에 바로 연산자를 넣어서 전달할 수 있다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
x = 145
y = 4
z = -39
blockType = 103
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, blockType)
mc.setBlock(x, y+1, z, blockType)
mc.setBlock(x+2, y , z, blockType)
또는 변수를 지정해서 값을 넣은후 전달해도 된다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
x = 6
y = 1
z = 28
blockType = 103
mc.player.setTilePos(x,y,z-5)
up = 1
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, blockType)
mc.setBlock(x, y + up, z, blockType)
Mission #8: Speed Building¶
간단한 빌딩을 지어 보자.
다음 코드를 실행해 보자
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
import time
mc = Minecraft.create()
mc.player.setTilePos(20,4,20)
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
width = 3
height = 3
length = 3
blockType = 4
"""
width = 142
height = 4
length = -40
"""
blockType = 4
air = 0
mc.player.setTilePos(3,3,3-5)
time.sleep(5)
mc.setBlocks(x, y, z, x + width, y + height, z + length, blockType)
# mc.setBlocks(x + 1, y + 1, z + 1,
# x + width - 1, y + height - 1, z + length - 1, air)
mc.setBlocks(x + 1, y + 1, z + 1,x + width - 2, y + height - 2, z + length - 2, 0)
Multiplication¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
mc.postToChat(3*4)
Division¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
import time
mc = Minecraft.create()
mc.postToChat(12/3)
time.sleep(2)
mc.postToChat(12%3)
time.sleep(2)
mc.postToChat(12//5)
Mission #9: Spectacular Spires¶
탑을 쌓는 코드를 짜보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
import time
mc = Minecraft.create()
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
height = 3
blockType = 1
time.sleep(3)
# Spire sides: should be same as height
sideHeight = height
mc.setBlocks(x + 1, y, z + 1, x + 3, y + sideHeight - 1, z + 3, blockType)
time.sleep(3)
# Spire point: should be two times the height
pointHeight = height * 2
mc.setBlocks(x + 2, y, z + 2, x + 2, y + pointHeight - 1, z + 2, blockType)
time.sleep(3)
# Spire base: should be half the height
baseHeight = height / 2
mc.setBlocks(x, y, z, x + 4, y + baseHeight - 1, z + 4, blockType)
3.3 Exponents¶
3*3*3*3 을 실행해 보자.
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
mc.postToChat(3*3*3*3)
3.4 Parentheses and Order of Operations¶
연산자의 우선순위에 관한 문제이다. When you’re using multiple operators, division and multiplication are evaluated first from left to right, and then addition and subtraction are calculated
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
import time
mc = Minecraft.create()
time.sleep(2)
vars=5*2-1+4/2
mc.postToChat(vars)
time.sleep(2)
mc.postToChat(5*2-1+4/2)
time.sleep(2)
mc.postToChat(6*3-2)
time.sleep(2)
mc.postToChat(6*(3-2))
3.5 Handy Math Tricks¶
Shorthand Operators¶
코딩에서 쓰이는 축약 연산 표현이다.
sheep=6 sheep=sheep+5 sheep +=5
다음과 같이 많이 쓰인다.
• Addition (+=) var= var+x
• Subtraction (-=) var= var-x
• Multiplication (*=) var= var*x
• Division (/=) var= var/x
Playing with Random Numbers¶
파이썬은 임의의 숫자를 생성하는 함수를 제공한다.
import random diceValue = random.randint(1, 6)
Mission #10: Super Jump Somewhere New!¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
import time
mc = Minecraft.create()
mc.player.setTilePos(100,4,20)
import random
pos = mc.player.getPos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
time.sleep(5)
x += random.randrange(-10, 11)
y += random.randrange(0, 11)
z += random.randrange(-10, 11)
mc.player.setPos(x, y, z)
chapter 4: Chatting with Strings¶
4.1 What Are Strings?¶
A string data type includes any amount of text, from a single letter or symbol—like “a” or “&”—to a large block of text
Mission #11: Hello, Minecraft World¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
import time
mc = Minecraft.create()
time.sleep(2)
mc.postToChat("Hello, Minecraft World")
time.sleep(2)
mc.postToChat("This is sean kim")
player가 어느 위치에 있는지 출력을 해보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
import time
mc = Minecraft.create()
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x=pos.x
y=pos.y
z=pos.z
mc.postToChat(x)
mc.postToChat(y)
mc.postToChat(z)
time.sleep(2)
mc.postToChat("Hello, Minecraft World")
time.sleep(2)
mc.postToChat("This is sean kim")
4.2 The print() Function¶
postToChat 역할과 동일한 역할을 하는 함수이다. 파이썬 코드에서 string 출력을 위해서 많이 쓰인다.
4.3 The input() Function¶
사용자의 입력값을 기다릴때 쓰인다.
다음 코드를 입력해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
import time
mc = Minecraft.create()
mcid=mc.getPlayerEntityIds()
mc.postToChat(mcid)
blockType = int(input("Enter a block type: "))
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
time.sleep(2)
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, blockType)
time.sleep(2)
mc.player.setTilePos(x,y,z-5)
mc.player.setTilePos(mcid)
mc.postToChat("mission cleared")
Mission #12: Write Your Own Chat Message¶
다음 코드를 입력해 보자
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
message = input("Enter your message: ")
mc.postToChat(message)
4.4 Joining Strings¶
String을 합치는 작업을 말한다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
import time
mc = Minecraft.create()
firstName='John'
LastName='Lenon'
fullname=firstName+LastName
time.sleep(2)
mc.postToChat(fullname)
Converting Numbers to Strings¶
숫자를 String으로 표현해서 나타낼때가 있는데 다음의 경우 숫자를 String으로 변경해서 표현한다. the str() function, which converts non-string data types into strings
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
import time
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
pos1 = mc.player.getTilePos()
x1 = pos1.x
y1 = pos1.y
z1 = pos1.z
time.sleep(10)
pos2 = mc.player.getTilePos()
x2 = pos2.x
y2 = pos2.y
z2 = pos2.z
# Compare the difference between the starting position and ending position
xDistance = x2 - x1
yDistance = y2 - y1
zDistance = z2 - z1
#Post the results to the chat
mc.postToChat("The player has moved x: " + str(xDistance) + ", y: "
+ str(yDistance) + ", and z: " + str(zDistance))
Mission #13: Add Usernames to Chat¶
다음 코드를 출력해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
userName = input("Enter your username: ")
message = input("Enter your message: ")
mc.postToChat(userName + ": " + message)
4.5 Converting Strings to Integers with int()¶
the int() function converts non-integer data types into integer
Mission #14: Create a Block with Input¶
블락타입을 입력받아서 처리하는 코드를 출력해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
import time
mc = Minecraft.create()
mcid=mc.getPlayerEntityIds()
mc.postToChat(mcid)
blockType = int(input("Enter a block type: "))
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
time.sleep(2)
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, blockType)
time.sleep(2)
mc.player.setTilePos(x,y,z-5)
mc.player.setTilePos(mcid)
mc.postToChat("mission cleared")
4.6 Bounce Back from Errors¶
Python uses exception handling to make sure your program can recover from errors and continue running when they occur
기본 형은 try:
XXX
- except:
- XXXX
Mission #15: Only Numbers Allowed¶
다음 숫자만 입력할 수 있는 코드를 출력해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
try:
blockType = int(input("Enter a block type: "))
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, blockType)
except:
mc.postToChat("You did not enter a number! Enter a number next time.")
Mission #16: Sprint Record¶
두 지점 이동한 거리를 출력하는 코드를 짜보자. 중간에 sleep을 두자
import time
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
pos1 = mc.player.getTilePos()
x1 = pos1.x
y1 = pos1.y
z1 = pos1.z
time.sleep(10)
pos2 = mc.player.getTilePos()
x2 = pos2.x
y2 = pos2.y
z2 = pos2.z
# Compare the difference between the starting position and ending position
xDistance = x2 - x1
yDistance = y2 - y1
zDistance = z2 - z1
#Post the results to the chat
mc.postToChat("The player has moved x: " + str(xDistance) + ", y: "
+ str(yDistance) + ", and z: " + str(zDistance))
4.7 What You Learned¶
string print join string user input data type change handled exception
chapter 5: Figuring Out What’s True and False with Booleans¶
5.1 Boolean Basics¶
A Boolean is a bit like a light switch: it is either True (on) or False (off)
Mission #17: Stop Smashing Blocks!¶
마인크래프트에서 immutable 설정을 on으로 하는 프로그램을 실행해 봅시다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
mc.setting("world_immutable", True)
반대로 immutable 설정을 off로 하는 프로그램을 실행해 봅시다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
mc.setting("world_immutable", False)
5.2 Concatenating Booleans¶
이전장에서 배운것처럼 boolean 변수도 string으로 변환될 필요가 있다.
agree = True print(“I agree: ” + str(agree)) I agree: True
5.3 Comparators¶
연산자를 의미한다. 많이 쓰이는 기본적인 연산자들은 다음과 같다.
• Equal to (==)
• Not equal to (!=)
• Less than (<)
• Less than or equal to (<=)
• Greater than (>)
• Greater than or equal to (>=)
Equal To¶
두개의 값이 동일한지 판단을 할때 쓰인다.
Mission #18: Am I Swimming?¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자. block type이 물인지 판별하는 코드이다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
pos = mc.player.getPos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
blockType = mc.getBlock(x, y, z)
mc.postToChat(blockType == 9)
block type이 9이면 물이다.
Mission #19: Am I Standing in Something Other Than Air?¶
공중에 떠있는지 확인 하는 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
pos = mc.player.getPos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
blockType = mc.getBlock(x, y, z)
notAir = blockType != 0
mc.postToChat("The player is not standing in air: " + str(notAir))
Mission #20: Am I Above the Ground?¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
highestBlockY = mc.getHeight(x, z)
aboveGround = y >= highestBlockY
mc.postToChat("The player is above ground: " + str(aboveGround))
Mission #21: Am I Close to Home?¶
다음은 임의의 홈을 설정후 가깝게 있는지 확인하는 코드이다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import math
homeX = 10
homeZ = 10
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
z = pos.z
distance = math.sqrt((homeX - x) ** 2 + (homeZ - z) ** 2)
far = distance <= 40
mc.postToChat("Your house is nearby: " + str(far))
5.4 Logical Operators¶
and,or,not 연산자등이 있다.
다음은 and 연산자에 대한 두개값의 결과이다.
Mission #22: Am I Entirely Underwater?¶
player가 물밑에 있는지 확인하는 로직이다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
pos = mc.player.getPos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
blockType = mc.getBlock(x, y, z)
blockType2 = mc.getBlock(x, y + 1, z)
underwater = blockType == 9 and blockType2 == 9
mc.postToChat("The player is underwater: " + str(underwater))
다음은 or 연산자에 대한 두개값의 결과이다.
Mission #23: Am I in a Tree?¶
다음은 player가 나무에 있는지 확인하는 코드이다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
pos = mc.player.getPos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
blockType = mc.getBlock(x, y - 1, z)
inTree = blockType == 18 or blockType == 11
mc.postToChat("The player is in a tree: " + str(inTree))
Mission #24: Is This Block Not a Melon?¶
다음 코드는 멜론 블럭인지 확인하는 코드이다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
x = 10
y = 11
z = 12
melon = 103
block = mc.getBlock(x, y, z)
noMelon = not block == melon
mc.postToChat("You need to get some food: " + str(noMelon))
Mission #25: Am I in the House?¶
player가 집에 있는지 확인하는 코드이다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
buildX = 10
buildY = 11
buildZ = 12
width = 10
height = 5
length = 6
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
inside = buildX < x < buildX + width and buildY < y < buildY + height and buildZ < z < buildZ + length
mc.postToChat("The player is at home: " + str(inside))
5.5 What You Learned¶
이 장에서는 Booleans, comparators, and logical operators 등을 배웠다.
chapter 6: Making Mini-Games with if Statements¶
이 장에서는 조건문에 대해서 배워 보도록 하자.
6.1 Using if Statements¶
Mission #26: Blast a Crater¶
다음은 사용자 입력을 받아서 입력 하라고 하면 블력을 생성하는 프로그램이다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
answer = input("Create a crater? Y/N ")
if answer == "Y":
pos = mc.player.getPos()
mc.setBlocks(pos.x + 1, pos.y + 1, pos.z + 1, pos.x - 1, pos.y - 1, pos.z - 1, 0)
mc.postToChat("Boom!")
Mission #27: Prevent Smashing, or Not¶
다음은 immutable을 활용해서 else 구문을 적용한 코드이다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
answer = input("Do you want to make the blocks immutable? Y/N ")
if answer == "Y":
mc.setting("world_immutable", True)
mc.postToChat("World is immutable")
else:
mc.setting("world_immutable", False)
mc.postToChat("World is mutable")
Mission #28: Offer a Gift¶
다이아몬드인지를 판별하고 다른 조건이 나오고…마지막 조건은 특정 위치로 다이아몬드를 가져 가라는 코드이다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
x = 10
y = 11
z = 12
gift = mc.getBlock(x, y, z)
# if gift is a diamond block
if gift == 57:
mc.postToChat("Thanks for the diamond.")
# else if gift is a sapling
elif gift == 6:
mc.postToChat("I guess tree saplings are as good as diamonds...")
else:
mc.postToChat("Bring a gift to " + str(x) + ", " + str(y) + ", " + str(z))
Mission #29: Teleport to the Right Place¶
if,elif,else문에 대한 활용 코드이다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
points = int(input("Enter your points: "))
if points > 6:
mc.player.setPos(32, 18, -38)
elif points > 4:
mc.player.setPos(60, 20, 32)
elif points > 2:
mc.player.setPos(112, 10, 112)
elif points <= 2:
mc.player.setPos(0, 12, 20)
else:
mc.postToChat("I don't know what to do with that information.")
Nested if Statements¶
이중 if문을 가질때 안쪽에 들어가는 if문을 말한다.
Mission #30: Open a Secret Passage¶
이번 미션을 수행하기 위하여 이전장에서 실행했던 빌딩을 지어보도록 하자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
import time
mc = Minecraft.create()
mc.player.setTilePos(20,1,20)
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
"""
width = 3
height = 1
length = 3
"""
width = 10
height = 5
length = 6
blockType = 4
#blockType = 0
air = 0
time.sleep(5)
mc.player.setTilePos(x-1,y,z-1)
mc.setBlocks(x, y, z, x + width, y + height, z + length, blockType)
#mc.setBlocks(x , y , z ,x + width , y + height , z + length , air)
mc.setBlocks(x + 1, y + 1, z + 1,x + width - 2, y + height - 2, z + length - 2, 0)
diamond=57
mc.setBlocks(x+5, y, z, x + 6, y + 1, z + 1, diamond)
그리고 다음 코드를 실행해 보자. 다이아몬드 블럭을 체크한후 다이아몬드 블럭이면 블럭을 지우는 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
# x = 10
# y = 11
# z = 12
x = 20
y = 1
z = 20
gift = mc.getBlock(x+5, y, z+1)
mc.postToChat(gift)
if gift != 0:
if gift == 57:
# mc.setBlocks(5, -2, 5, 6, -1, 6, 0)
mc.setBlocks(x+5, y, z, x+6, y+1, x+1, 0)
else:
# mc.setBlocks(4, -3, 4, 7, -3, 4, 10)
mc.setBlocks(20, 1, 20, 19, 1, 19, 0)
else:
mc.postToChat("Place an offering on the pedestal.")
6.2 Using if Statements to Test a Range of Values¶
입력된 숫자나 기타 조건이 범위가 주어질때 쓰인다.
다음 코드를 입력해 보자. x,y,z 좌표값이 잘못 입력했을때 체크하는 구문이다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
valid = True
x = int(input("Enter x: "))
y = int(input("Enter y: "))
z = int(input("Enter z: "))
if not -127 < x < 127:
valid = False
# check if y is not between -63 and 63
if not -63 < y < 63:
valid = False
# check if z is not between -127 and 127
if not -127 < z < 127:
valid = False
if valid:
mc.player.setPos(x, y, z)
else:
mc.postToChat("Please enter a valid location")
6.4 What You Learned¶
if statements, else statements, and elif statements
chapter 7: Dance Parties and Flower Parades with while Loops¶
7.1 A Simple while Loop¶
while 구문은 아래 구조로 되어 있다.
count = 1
while count <= 5:
print(count)
count += 1
print("Loop finished")
Mission #33: A Random Teleportation Tour¶
random 함수를 이용하여 임의로 움직이는 코드를 짜보자.
import time
import random
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
count = 0
while count < 5:
x = random.randrange(-127, 128)
y = random.randrange(0, 64)
z = random.randrange(-127, 128)
mc.postToChat("x:"+str(x))
mc.postToChat("Y:"+str(y))
mc.postToChat("Z:"+str(z))
mc.player.setTilePos(x, y, z)
count += 1
time.sleep(10)
7.2 Controlling Loops with a Count Variable¶
Mission #34: The Watery Curse¶
다음 미션을 수행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import time
count = 0
while count < 30:
pos = mc.player.getPos()
mc.setBlock(pos.x, pos.y, pos.z, 8)
count += 1
time.sleep(1)
Infinite while Loops¶
무한 반복을 의미 한다.
while True:
print("Hello")
while True:
print("Hello")
print("This line is never reached")
Mission #35: Flower Trail¶
skip this mission
7.3 Fancy Conditions¶
다음 코드를 보자 초기값은 while 루프가 실행되지만 사용자 입력값에 따라서 빠져나갈 수 있다.
continueAnswer = "Y"
coins = 0
while continueAnswer == "Y":
coins = coins + 1
continueAnswer = input("Continue? Y/N")
print("You have " + str(coins) + " coins")
Mission #36: Diving Contest¶
skip this mission
Boolean Operators and while Loops¶
boolean operator들도 while 문에 쓰인다.
password = "cats"
passwordInput = input("Please enter the password: ")
attempts = 0
while password != passwordInput and attempts < 3:
attempts += 1
passwordInput = input("Incorrect. Please enter the password: ")
if password == passwordInput:
print("Password accepted.")
Checking a Range of Values in while Loops¶
while에 변수값 범위를 지정할 수 있다.
position = 0
while 0 <= position <= 10:
position = int(input("Enter your position 0-10: "))
print(position)
Mission #37: Make a Dance Floor¶
다음 미션을 수행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import time
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
floorX = pos.x - 2
floorY = pos.y - 1
floorZ = pos.z - 2
width = 5
length = 5
block = 41
mc.setBlocks(floorX, floorY, floorZ,
floorX + width, floorY, floorZ + length, block)
while floorX <= pos.x <= floorX + width and floorZ <= pos.z <= floorZ + length:
if block == 41:
block = 57
else:
block = 41
mc.setBlocks(floorX, floorY, floorZ,
floorX + width, floorY, floorZ + length, block)
# get the player's position
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
# wait 0.5 seconds
time.sleep(0.5)
Nested if Statements and while Loops¶
whlile문 안에 if문이 들어가는 경우이다.
word = "mine"
count = 0
while count < 50:
print(word)
if word == "mine":
word = "craft"
else:
word = "mine"
Mission #38: The Midas Touch¶
다음 미션을 수행해 보자. player가 지나간 자리는 모두 황금색으로 변하는 코드이다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
air = 0
water = 9
while True:
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
blockBelow = mc.getBlock(pos.x, pos.y - 1, pos.z)
if blockBelow != air and blockBelow != water:
# change the block below the player to gold
mc.setBlock(pos.x, pos.y - 1, pos.z, 41)
7.4 Ending a while Loop with break¶
while문을 빠져 나갈때는 break를 쓴다.
while True:
userInput = input("Enter a command: ")
if userInput == "exit":
break
print(userInput)
print("Loop exited")
Mission #39: Create a Persistent Chat with a Loop¶
다음 미션을 수행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
userName = input("Enter your username: ")
while True:
message = input("Enter your message: ")
if message == "exit":
break
mc.postToChat(userName + ": " + message)
Mission #40: Hot and Cold¶
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
import math
import time
import random
mc = Minecraft.create()
destX = random.randint(-127, 127)
destZ = random.randint(-127, 127)
destY = mc.getHeight(destX, destZ)
print(destX, destY, destZ)
block = 57
mc.setBlock(destX, destY, destZ, block)
mc.postToChat("Block set")
while True:
pos = mc.player.getPos()
distance = math.sqrt((pos.x - destX) ** 2 + (pos.z - destZ) ** 2)
if distance == 0:
break
if distance > 100:
mc.postToChat("Freezing")
elif distance > 50:
mc.postToChat("Cold")
elif distance > 25:
mc.postToChat("Warm")
elif distance > 12:
mc.postToChat("Boiling")
elif distance > 6:
mc.postToChat("On fire!")
elif distance == 0:
mc.postToChat("Found it")
7.4 What You Learned¶
while loops loops with conditions
chapter 8: Functions Give You Superpowers¶
Function이란 다음 특징을 가진다.
Reusability¶
Functions save time. Because you don’t have to rewrite the same code over and over again, writing a program is faster and easier.
Debugging¶
By containing tasks in groups of code, it is easier to identify where a problem originates and make changes to fix the problem.
Modularity¶
You can develop different functions to use in the same program independently of one another. This makes it easier to share code with other people and reuse functions in other programs. Scalability Using functions makes it easier to increase the size of a program and the amount of data it processes.
8.1 Defining Your Own Functions¶
함수 정의는 다음처럼 한다.
def greeting():
print("Hello")
print("Nice to meet you")
함수 호출은 정의한대로 호출하면 된다.
greeting()
Functions Take Arguments¶
함수에 전달자가 들어가는 경우가 대부분이다. 아래 예제를 보자.
def fancyGreeting(personName):
print("Hello, " + personName)
fancyGreeting("Mario")
fancyGreeting("Steve")
fancyGreeting() 호출하게 되면 전달자가 없으므로 오류가 난다.
Mission #41: Build a Forest¶
숲을 만드는 코드를 짜보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
def growTree(x, y, z):
"""Creates a tree at the coordinates given"""
wood = 17
leaves = 18
# trunk
mc.setBlocks(x, y, z, x, y + 5, z, wood)
# leaves
mc.setBlocks(x - 2, y + 6, z - 2, x + 2, y + 6, z + 2, leaves)
mc.setBlocks(x - 1, y + 7, z - 1, x + 1, y + 7, z + 1, leaves)
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
growTree(x + 1, y, z)
growTree(x + 10, y, z)
growTree(x + 20, y, z)
Refactoring a Program¶
코드를 재수정 또는 구조를 변경하는 작업들을 refactoring 이라고 한다.
다음 코드를 변경하는 작업을 해보자.
name1 = input("Hello, what is your name?")
print("Pleased to meet you, " + name1)
name2 = input("Hello, what is your name?")
print("Pleased to meet you, " + name2)
name3 = input("Hello, what is your name?")
print("Pleased to meet you, " + name3)
def helloFriend():
name = input("Hello, what is your name?")
print("Pleased to meet you, " + name)
helloFriend()
helloFriend()
helloFriend()
Mission #42: Refactor Away¶
다음 코드를 refactoring 작업을 해보도록 하자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import time
def makeMelon(x, y, z):
pos = mc.player.getPos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, 103)
time.sleep(10)
pos = mc.player.getPos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
makeMelon(x, y + 1, z)
makeMelon(x, y + 3, z)
makeMelon(x + 2, y, z)
makeMelon(x, y, z)
makeMelon(x, y + 1, z + 2)
makeMelon(x, y, z + 3)
Commenting with Docstrings¶
코멘트 처리를 해서 코드에 대한 설명을 붙여서 이해를 돕는 역할을 많이 한다.
def duplicateString(stringToDbl):
""" Prints a string twice on the same line.
stringToDbl argument should be a string """
print(stringToDbl * 2)
실제 코멘트들은 실행코드에는 안들어 가지만 메모리에는 포함이 되므로 과도한 코멘트는 지향이 필요하다.
Line Breaks in Arguments¶
라인 문장이 길때 다음줄을 이용하는것이 가독성을 위해서 좋다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
pos = mc.player.getPos()
width = 10
height = 12
length = 13
block = 103
mc.setBlocks(pos.x, pos.y, pos.z,
pos.x + width, pos.y + height, pos.z + length, block)
Function Return Values¶
함수를 이용하는 목적중에 하나가 결과값을 도출하는 데 있다. 아래 코드를 살펴보자.
def calculateCookiePrice(cost):
price = cost + 2
price = price * 10
return price
Mission #43: Block ID Reminder¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자. 함수를 호출하면 block id를 리턴하는 코드이다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
def melon():
return 103
def water():
return 9
def wool():
return 35
def lava():
return 10
def tnt():
return 46
def flower():
return 37
def diamondBlock():
return 57
block = melon()
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
mc.setBlock(pos.x, pos.y, pos.z, block)
8.2 Using if Statements and while Loops in Functions¶
fucntion에서 if문과 while loop를 쓰는법을 배워 보도록 하자.
if Statements¶
다음처럼 문자로 입력한 부분을 숫자로 처리하는 구문을 보자
def wordToNumber(numToConvert):
""" Converts a number written as a word to an integer """
if numToConvert == "one":
numAsInt = 1
elif numToConvert == "two":
numAsInt = 2
elif numToConvert == "three":
numAsInt = 3
elif numToConvert == "four":
numAsInt = 4
elif numToConver == "five":
numAsInt = 5
return numAsInt
Mission #44: Wool Color Helper¶
다음 미션을 수행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
def getWoolState(color):
"""Takes a color as a string and returns the wool block state
for that color"""
if color == "pink":
blockState = 6
elif color == "black":
blockState = 15
elif color == "grey":
blockState = 7
elif color == "red":
blockState = 14
elif color == "green":
blockState = 5
elif color == "brown":
blockState = 0
elif color == "yellow":
blockState = 4
elif color == "blue":
blockState = 11
elif color == "light blue":
blockState = 3
elif color == "purple":
blockState = 10
elif color == "cyan":
blockState = 9
elif color == "orange":
blockState = 1
elif color == "light grey":
blockState = 8
return blockState
colorString = input("Enter a block color: ")
state = getWoolState(colorString)
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
mc.setBlock(pos.x, pos.y, pos.z, 35, state)
while Loops¶
def printMultiple(toPrint, repeats):
""" Prints a string a number of times determined by the repeats variable """
count = 0
while count < repeats:
print(toPrint)
count += 1
def doubleUntilHundred(numberToDbl):
""" Doubles a number until it is greater than 100. Returns the number of
times the number was doubled """
count = 0
while numToDbl < 100:
numberToDbl = numberToDbl * 2
count += 1
return count
Mission #45: Blocks, Everywhere¶
다음 미션을 수행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import random
def randomBlockLocations(blockType, repeats):
"""Creates blocks at random locations"""
count = 0
while count < repeats:
x = random.randrange(-127, 128)
z = random.randrange(-127, 128)
y = mc.getHeight(x, z)
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, blockType)
count += 1
randomBlockLocations(103, 10)
randomBlockLocations(35, 37)
randomBlockLocations(57, 102)
8.3 Global and Local Variables¶
글로벌 변수와 로컬 변수에 대해서 알아 보자.
eggs = 12
def increaseEggs():
eggs += 1
print(eggs)
increaseEggs()
상기 코드는 에러를 표현한다. 두개의 eggs값이 다르기때문이다.
>>> eggs =12
>>> def increaseEggs():
eggs=0
eggs +=1
print(eggs)
>>> increaseEggs()
1
>>> print(eggs)
12
>>>
로컬 변수와 차별을 위해 글로벌 변수 앞에는 global 이라고 표현한다. 상기에는 묵시적 global로 표기된 eggs값을 로컬 변수 eggs값에서 변경할 수 없다.
eggs = 12
def increaseEggs():
global eggs
eggs += 1
print(eggs)
increaseEggs()
Mission #46: A Moving Block¶
다음 미션을 수행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import time
def calculateMove():
""" Changes the x and z variables for a block. If the block
in front of the block is less than 2 blocks higher it will move
forward, otherwise it will try to move left, then backwards,
then finally right."""
global x
global y
global z
currentHeight = mc.getHeight(x, z) - 1
forwardHeight = mc.getHeight(x + 1, z)
rightHeight = mc.getHeight(x, z + 1)
backwardHeight = mc.getHeight(x - 1, z)
leftHeight = mc.getHeight(x, z - 1)
if forwardHeight - currentHeight < 3:
x += 1
elif rightHeight - currentHeight < 3:
z += 1
elif leftHeight - currentHeight < 3:
z -= 1
elif backwardHeight - currentHeight < 3:
x -= 1
y = mc.getHeight(x, z)
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
z = pos.z
y = mc.getHeight(x, z)
while True:
# calculate block movement
calculateMove()
# place block
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, 103)
# wait
time.sleep(1)
# remove the block
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, 0)
8.4 What You Learned¶
create and call functions
return statements
functions return values
loops and if statements inside functions
chapter 9: Hitting Things with Lists and Dictionaries¶
이 장에서는 데이터 타입으로 List 와 Dictionary를 배워보도록 하겠다.
9.1 Using Lists¶
리스트는 다음처럼 표기한다.
emptyList = []
빈 리스트를 작성할 수도 있고 다음처럼 초기화 값을 갖는 리스트도 표현 가능하다.
noodleSoup = ["water", "soy sauce", "spring onions", "noodles", "beef"]
초기화 값은 integer 또는 string을 집어 넣을 수 있다.
wackyList = ["cardigan", 33, "goofballs"]
Changing a List Item¶
list값은 mutable이다. 따라서 변경가능하다는 얘기다.
다음처럼 직접 접근해서 변경가능하다.
noodleSoup[4] = "chicken"
Mission #47: High and Low¶
다음 미션을 수행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import time
heights = [100, 0]
count = 0
while count < 60:
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
if pos.y < heights[0]:
heights[0] = pos.y
elif pos.y > heights[1]:
heights[1] = pos.y
count += 1
time.sleep(1)
mc.postToChat("Lowest: " + str(heights[0]))
mc.postToChat("Highest: " + str(heights[1]))
이동한 곳의 가장 높은곳과 낮은곳을 찾는 코드이다. 약간의 시간이 필요하다.
9.2 Manipulating Lists¶
리스트는 내장 함수로 추가 삭제가 가능하다.
Adding an Item¶
noodleSoup.append("vegetables")
food = []
food.append("cake")
Inserting an Item¶
중간에 집어 넣을 수도 있다.
noodleSoup = ["water", "soy sauce", "spring onions", "noodles", "beef", "vegetables"]
noodleSoup.insert(3, "pepper")
["water", "soy sauce", "spring onions", "pepper", "noodles", "beef", "vegetables"]
만약 리스트를 넘는 곳에 넣게 되면 자동적으로 맨 마지막에 넣어지게 된다.
noodleSoup.insert(10, "salt")
["water", "soy sauce", "spring onions", "pepper", "noodles", "beef","vegetables", "salt"]
Deleting an Item
다음처럼 아이템을 삭제할 수 있다.
del noodleSoup[5]
인덱스 번호를 모를 경우는 다음처럼 처리하면 된다.
beefPosition = noodleSoup.index("beef")
del noodleSoup[beefPosition]
Mission #48: Progress Bar¶
다음 미션을 수행해 보자. 10개의 유리 상자를 쌓은 다음에 하나씩 barblock으로 교체하는 코드이다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import time
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x + 1
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
# Add 10 glass blocks (block id 20) to this list
blocks = [20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20]
barBlock = 22 # Lapis lazuli
count = 0
while count <= len(blocks):
# Add setBlock() for the remaining blocks in the list
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, blocks[0])
mc.setBlock(x, y + 1, z, blocks[1])
mc.setBlock(x, y + 2, z, blocks[2])
mc.setBlock(x, y + 3, z, blocks[3])
mc.setBlock(x, y + 4, z, blocks[4])
mc.setBlock(x, y + 5, z, blocks[5])
mc.setBlock(x, y + 6, z, blocks[6])
mc.setBlock(x, y + 7, z, blocks[7])
mc.setBlock(x, y + 8, z, blocks[8])
mc.setBlock(x, y + 9, z, blocks[9])
count += 1
# Delete the last block in the list
del blocks[9]
# Insert a bar block at the first position in the list
blocks.insert(0, barBlock)
time.sleep(2)
9.3 Treating Strings like Lists¶
스크링을 리스트처럼 쓰이기도 한다.
flavor = "Grape"
print(flavor[1])
firstName = "Lyra"
lastName = "Jones"
initials = firstName[0] + " " + lastName[0]
print(initials)
L J
9.4 Tuples¶
Tuples are a type of list that is immutable 변경이 불가능한 리스트 타입이라고 보면 된다. 표현은 아래처럼 한다.
distance = (5.17, 5.20, 4.56, 53.64, 9.58, 6.41, 2.20)
한개의 값은 다음처럼 입력한다. “,”는 꼭 입력한다.
distance = (5.17,)
Mission #49: Sliding¶
tuple을 이용해서 다음처럼 쓸 수 있다.
x = 10
y = 11
z = 12
x, y, z = 10, 11, 12
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import random
import time
pos = mc.player.getPos()
x, y, z = pos.x, pos.y, pos.z
while True:
x += random.uniform(-0.2, 0.2)
z += random.uniform(-0.2, 0.2)
y = mc.getHeight(x, z)
mc.player.setPos(x, y, z)
time.sleep(0.1)
Returning a Tuple¶
tuple로 리턴값을 줄 수 있다.
def getDateTuple(dateString):
year = int(dateString[0:4])
month = int(dateString[5:7])
day = int(dateString[8:10])
return year, month, day
다음처럼 string을 tuple로 리턴할 수 있다.
getDateTuple("1997-09-27")
(1997, 9, 27)
year, month, day = getDateTuple("1997-09-27")
9.4 Other Useful Features of Lists¶
List Length¶
리스트의 크기를 다음처럼 구할 수 있다.
>>> noodleSoup = ["water", "soy sauce", "spring onions", "noodles", "beef",
"vegetables"]
>>> print(len(noodleSoup))
Mission #50: Block Hits¶
60초 동안 블럭을 터치하고 터치한 블럭 갯수를 구하는 코드를 구해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import time
#Wait 60 seconds
time.sleep(60)
#Get the list of block hits
blockHits = mc.events.pollBlockHits()
#Display the length of the block hits list to chat
blockHitsLength = len(blockHits)
mc.postToChat("Your score is " + str(blockHitsLength))
Randomly Choosing an Item¶
다음처럼 list에서 임으로 선택하는 것을 쓸 수 있다.
import random
colors = ["red", "green", "blue", "yellow", "orange", "purple"]
print(random.choice(colors))
Mission #51: Random Block¶
다음처럼 리스트에서 임의로 선택하는 블럭을 쓸 수 있다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import random
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x, y, z = pos.x, pos.y, pos.z
blocks = [57, 41, 22, 42, 103]
block = random.choice(blocks)
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, block)
Copying a List¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
>>> cake = ["Eggs",
"Butter",
"Sugar",
184 Chapter 9
"Milk",
"Flour"]
>>> print(id(cake))
다음처럼 복사할 경우 달라야 되는데 출력해 보면 동일하다. 이건 컴퓨터가 실제로 동일 주소를 가지고 있고 복사한것이 아니다.
>>> cake = ["Eggs",
"Butter",
"Sugar",
"Milk",
"Flour"]
>>> # Store the list in a second variable
>>> chocolateCake = cake
>>> chocolateCake.append("Chocolate")
다음처럼 하면 복사한 다른 개체가 생성된다.
>>> chocolateCake = cake[:]
Items and if Statements¶
To find out whether a value is in a list, you can use the in operator
다음을 보자.
>>> cake = ["Eggs", "Butter", "Sugar", "Milk", "Flour"]
>>> print("Eggs" in cake)
>>> cake = ["Eggs", "Butter", "Sugar", "Milk", "Flour"]
>>> if "Ham" in cake:
>>> print("That cake sounds disgusting.")
>>> else:
>>> print("Good. Ham in a cake is a terrible mistake.")
>>> cake = ["Eggs", "Butter", "Sugar", "Milk", "Flour"]
>>> if "Ham" not in cake:
>>> print("Good. Ham in a cake is a terrible mistake.")
>>> else:
>>> print("That cake sounds disgusting")
Mission #52: Night Vision Sword¶
다음 미션을 수행해 보자. 다이아몬드 블럭을 터치했을 경우 빠져 나가는 코드이다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import time
blocks = []
i=0
while i<100:
hits = mc.events.pollBlockHits()
i +=1
if len(hits) > 0:
hit = hits[0]
hitX, hitY, hitZ = hit.pos.x, hit.pos.y, hit.pos.z
block = mc.getBlock(hitX, hitY, hitZ)
blocks.append(block)
if 56 in blocks:
mc.postToChat("You found some diamond ore!")
break
time.sleep(0.2)
9.4 Dictionaries¶
a set of keys 로 주어지는 리스트라고 생각하면 된다.
person = {'name': 'David',
'age': 42,
'favoriteAnimal': 'Snake',
'favoritePlace': 'Inside a cardboard box'}
trainTimes = {1.00: 'Castle Town',
2.30: 'Sheep Farm',
3.15: 'Lake City',
3.45: 'Castle Town',
3.55: 'Storage Land'
}
Accessing Items in Dictionaries¶
person = {'name': 'David',
'age': 42,
'favoriteAnimal': 'Snake',
'favoritePlace': 'Inside a cardboard box'}
agentName = person['name']
Mission #53: Sightseeing Guide¶
다음 미션을 수행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
places = {"House": (10, 11, 12),
"Tower": (20, -2, 3),
"Store room": (6, 2, 1)}
choice = ""
while choice != "exit":
choice = input("Enter a location ('exit' to close): ")
if choice in places:
location = places[choice]
x, y, z = location[0], location[1], location[2]
mc.player.setTilePos(x, y, z)
Changing or Adding an Item ina Dictionary¶
Dictionary도 변경 추가 가능하다.
person['age'] = 43
삭제도 가능하다.
del person['favoriteAnimal']
Mission #54: Block Hits Score¶
다음 미션을 수행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import time
name = ""
scoreboard = {}
while True:
# Get the player's name
name = input("What is your name? ")
# Break loop if name is exit
if name == "exit":
break
mc.postToChat("Go!")
# Wait 60 seconds
time.sleep(60)
# Get the list of block hits
blockHits = mc.events.pollBlockHits()
# Display the length of the block hits list to chat
blockHitsLength = len(blockHits)
mc.postToChat("Your score is " + str(blockHitsLength))
scoreboard[name] = blockHitsLength
print(scoreboard)
9.4 What You Learned¶
lists, tuples, and dictionaries
wackyList = [“cardigan”, 33, “goofballs”]
distance = (5.17, 5.20, 4.56, 53.64, 9.58, 6.41, 2.20)
- person = {‘name’: ‘David’,
- ‘age’: 42, ‘favoriteAnimal’: ‘Snake’, ‘favoritePlace’: ‘Inside a cardboard box’}
chapter 10: Minecraft Magic with for Loops¶
10.1 A Simple for Loop¶
리스트에서 아이템을 꺼내 오는 예제를 보자
noodleSoup = ["water", "soy sauce", "spring onions", "pepper", "noodles",
"beef", "vegetables"]
for ingredient in noodleSoup:
print(ingredient)
Mission #55: Magic Wand¶
9장에서 pollBlockHits() 함수를 이용했다. 이 함수를 이용해서 다음 코드를 실행해 보자. 실행한 모든 블럭이 다른 블럭으로 변하게 된다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import time
time.sleep(60)
hits = mc.events.pollBlockHits()
block = 103
for hit in hits:
x, y, z = hit.pos.x, hit.pos.y, hit.pos.z
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, block)
Mission #56: Magic Stairs¶
다음 미션을 수행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x, y, z = pos.x, pos.y, pos.z
stairBlock = 53
for step in range(10):
mc.setBlock(x + step, y + step, z, stairBlock)
Playing Around with range()¶
다음을 입력해 보자.
>>> aRange = range(5)
>>> list(aRange)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> aRange = range(2, 5)
>>> list(aRange)
[2, 3, 4]
>>> aRange = range(3, 10, 2)
>>> list(aRange)
[3, 5, 7, 9]
>>> newRange = range(100, 0, -2)
>>> list(newRange)
[100, 98, 96, 94, 92, 90, 88, 86, 84, 82, 80, 78, 76, 74, 72, 70, 68, 66, 64,
62, 60, 58, 56, 54, 52, 50, 48, 46, 44, 42, 40, 38, 36, 34, 32, 30, 28, 26,
24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2]
10.2 Other List Functions¶
이번에는 reversed() 라는 함수를 익혀 보자.
>>> backwardsList = reversed(aRange)
>>> list(backwardsList)
[9, 7, 5, 3]
countDown = range(1, 101)
countDown = reversed(countDown)
for item in countDown:
print(item)
Mission #57: Pillars¶
다음 미션을 수행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
def setPillar(x, y, z, height):
"""Creates a pillar. Args set position and height of pillar"""
stairBlock = 156
block = 155
# Pillar top
mc.setBlocks(x - 1, y + height, z - 1, x + 1, y + height, z + 1, block, 1)
mc.setBlock(x - 1, y + height - 1, z, stairBlock, 12)
mc.setBlock(x + 1, y + height - 1, z, stairBlock, 13)
mc.setBlock(x, y + height - 1, z + 1, stairBlock, 15)
mc.setBlock(x, y + height - 1, z - 1, stairBlock, 14)
# Pillar base
mc.setBlocks(x - 1, y, z - 1, x + 1, y, z + 1, block, 1)
mc.setBlock(x - 1, y + 1, z, stairBlock, 0)
mc.setBlock(x + 1, y + 1, z, stairBlock, 1)
mc.setBlock(x, y + 1, z + 1, stairBlock, 3)
mc.setBlock(x, y + 1, z - 1, stairBlock, 2)
# Pillar column
mc.setBlocks(x, y, z, x, y + height, z, block, 2)
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x, y, z = pos.x + 2, pos.y, pos.z
for xOffset in range(0, 100, 5):
setPillar(x + xOffset, y, z, 10)
기둥 7개를 그리는 코드이다.
Mission #58: Pyramid¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
block = 24 # sandstone
height = 10
levels = reversed(range(height))
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x, y, z = pos.x + height, pos.y, pos.z
for level in levels:
mc.setBlocks(x - level, y, z - level, x + level, y, z + level, block)
y += 1
10.3 Looping Over a Dictionary¶
Dictionary에 사용되는 loop를 살펴보자.
inventory = {'gems': 5, 'potions': 2, 'boxes': 1}
for key in inventory:
print(key)
gems
potions
boxes
inventory = {'gems': 5, 'potions': 2, 'boxes': 1}
for key in inventory:
print(key + " " + str(inventory[key]))
gems 5
potions 2
boxes 1
Mission #59: Scoreboard¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import time
scores = {}
message = ""
while message != "exit":
print("Click in the Minecraft window")
time.sleep(10)
mc.events.clearAll()
mc.postToChat("Go")
time.sleep(60)
hits = mc.events.pollBlockHits()
numberOfHits = len(hits)
mc.postToChat("You used your sword " + hits + " times.")
playerName = input("Enter your name: ")
scores[playerName] = numberOfHits
for name in scores:
print(name + str(scores[name]))
message = input("Press enter in this window to start ('exit' to quit)")
10.4 for-else Loops.¶
for else 구문도 가능하다.
sandwich = ["Bread", "Butter", "Tuna", "Lettuce", "Mayonnaise", "Bread"]
for ingredient in sandwich:
print(ingredient)
else:
print("This is the end of the sandwich.")
Bread
Butter
Tuna
Lettuce
Mayonnaise
Bread
This is the end of the sandwich.
Breaking a for-else Loop¶
다음처럼 break문을 써서 빠져 나올 수 있다.
sandwich = ["Bread", "Butter", "Tuna", "Lettuce", "Mayonnaise", "Bread"]
for ingredient in sandwich:
if ingredient == "Mayonnaise":
print("I don't like mayonnaise on my sandwich.")
break
else:
print(ingredient)
else:
print("This is the end of the sandwich.")
Mission #60: The Diamond Prospector¶
다음 미션을 수행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x, y, z = pos.x, pos.y, pos.z
depth = 50
for deep in range(depth):
block = mc.getBlock(x, y - deep, z)
if block == 56:
mc.postToChat("A diamond ore is " + str(deep) + " blocks below you.")
break
else:
mc.postToChat("There are no diamond ore blocks below you")
10.5 Nested for Loops and Multidimensional Lists¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
twoDimensionalRainbowList = [[0, 0, 0],
[1, 1, 1],
[2, 2, 2],
[3, 3, 3],
[4, 4, 4],
[5, 5, 5]]
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
startingX = x
mc.player.setTilePos(x+3, y, z+3)
for row in twoDimensionalRainbowList:
for color in row:
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, 35, color)
x += 1
y += 1
x = startingX
Accessing Values in 2D Lists¶
1차원 리스트는 다음처럼 하면 된다.
scores = [1, 5, 6, 1]
scores[2] = 7
2차원 이상은 다음처럼 하면 된다.
twoDimensionalRainbowList = [[0, 0, 0],
[1, 1, 1},
[2, 2, 2],
[3, 3, 3],
[4, 4, 4],
[5, 5, 5]]
twoDimensionalRainbowList[0][1] = 7
Mission #61: Pixel Art¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x, y, z = pos.x, pos.y, pos.z
mc.player.setTilePos(x+3, y, z+3)
blocks = [[35, 35, 22, 22, 22, 22, 35, 35],
[35, 22, 35, 35, 35, 35, 22, 35],
[22, 35, 22, 35, 35, 22, 35, 22],
[22, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 22],
[22, 35, 22, 35, 35, 22, 35, 22],
[22, 35, 35, 22, 22, 35, 35, 22],
[35, 22, 35, 35, 35, 35, 22, 35],
[35, 35, 22, 22, 22, 22, 35, 35]]
for row in reversed(blocks):
for block in row:
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, block)
x += 1
y += 1
x = pos.x
Generating 2D Lists with Loops¶
다음을 실행해 보자.
import random
randomNumbers = []
for outer in range(10):
randomNumbers.append([])
for inner in range(10):
number = random.randint(1, 4)
randomNumbers[outer].append(number)
print(randomNumbers)
[[3, 1, 4, 1, 4, 1, 2, 3, 2, 2],
[1, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 1, 3, 2],
[4, 2, 4, 1, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4],
[1, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4],
[3, 1, 4, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 4, 2],
[4, 1, 4, 2, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 1],
[2, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1, 4, 2, 4, 3],
[3, 1, 3, 4, 1, 4, 2, 2, 4, 1],
[4, 3, 1, 2, 4, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2],
[3, 1, 3, 3, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1, 2]]
Mission #62: A Weather-Worn Wall¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import random
def brokenBlock():
brokenBlocks = [48, 67, 4, 4, 4, 4]
block = random.choice(brokenBlocks)
return block
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x, y, z = pos.x, pos.y, pos.z
mc.player.setTilePos(x+3, y, z+3)
brokenWall = []
height, width = 5, 10
# create the list of broken blocks
for row in range(height):
brokenWall.append([])
for column in range(width):
block = brokenBlock()
brokenWall[row].append(block)
# set the blocks
for row in brokenWall:
for block in row:
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, block)
x += 1
y += 1
x = pos.x
Outputting 3D Lists¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
mc.player.setTilePos(x+10, y, z+10)
cube = [[[57, 57, 57, 57], [57, 0, 0, 57], [57, 0, 0, 57], [57, 57, 57, 57]],
[[57, 0, 0, 57], [0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0], [57, 0, 0, 57]],
[[57, 0, 0, 57], [0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0], [57, 0, 0, 57]],
[[57, 57, 57, 57], [57, 0, 0, 57], [57, 0, 0, 57], [57, 57, 57, 57]]]
startingX = x
startingY = y
for depth in cube:
for height in reversed(depth):
for block in height:
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, block)
x += 1
y += 1
x = startingX
z += 1
y = startingY
Accessing Values in 3D Lists¶
cube = [[[57, 57, 57, 57],
[57, 0, 0, 57],
[57, 0, 0, 57],
[57, 57, 57, 57]],
#
[[57, 0, 0, 57],
[0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0],
[57, 0, 0, 57]],
#
[[57, 0, 0, 57],
[0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0],
[57, 0, 0, 57]],
#
[[57, 57, 57, 57],
[57, 0, 0, 57],
[57, 0, 0, 57],
[57, 57, 57, 57]]]
cube[0] 이면
[[57, 57, 57, 57],
[57, 0, 0, 57],
[57, 0, 0, 57],
[57, 57, 57, 57]]
cube[0][3]
[57, 57, 57, 57]
cube[0][3][3] = 41 처럼 변경할 수 있다.
Mission #63: Duplicate a Building¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
def sortPair(val1, val2):
if val1 > val2:
return val2, val1
else:
return val1, val2
def copyStructure(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2):
x1, x2 = sortPair(x1, x2)
y1, y2 = sortPair(y1, y2)
z1, z2 = sortPair(z1, z2)
width = x2 - x1
height = y2 - y1
length = z2 - z1
structure = []
print("Please wait...")
# Copy the structure
for row in range(height):
structure.append([])
for column in range(width):
structure[row].append([])
for depth in range(length):
block = mc.getBlock(x1 + column, y1 + row, z1 + depth)
structure[row][column].append(block)
return structure
def buildStructure(x, y, z, structure):
xStart = x
yStart = y
for row in structure:
for column in row:
for block in column:
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, block)
z += 1
x += 1
z = yStart
y += 1
x = xStart
# get the position of the first corner
input("Move to the first corner and press enter in this window")
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x1, y1, z1 = pos.x, pos.y, pos.z
# get the position of the second corner
input("Move to the opposite corner and press enter in this window")
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x2, y2, z2 = pos.x, pos.y, pos.z
# copy the building
structure = copyStructure(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2)
# get the position for the copy
input("Move to the position you want to create the structure and press ENTER in this window")
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x, y, z = pos.x, pos.y, pos.z
buildStructure(x, y, z, structure)
10.6 What You Learned¶
for loops with lists range() function more about for loops lists, such as reversing lists, looping over dictionaries, and breaking for loops
two- and threedimensional lists with nested loops
chapter 11: Saving and Loading Buildings with Files and Modules¶
이 장에서는 데이터를 저장하는 파일에 대해서 배워보도록 하겠다.
11.1 Using Files¶
Opening a File¶
파일은 다음 형식으로 열고 닫는다.
secretFile = open("secretFile.txt", "w")
w는 쓰기전용이다. r 읽기전용 r+ 읽기+쓰기 a 추가
Writing to and Saving a File¶
파일을 열어서 쓰고 저장은 다음처럼 한다.
secretFile = open("secretFile.txt", "w")
secretFile.write("This is a secret file. Shhh! Don't tell anyone.")
secretFile.close()
Reading a File¶
파일은 다음처럼 읽는다.
secretFile = open("secretfile.txt", "r")
print(secretFile.read())
secretFile.close()
Reading a Line of a File¶
readline() function 을 사용하면 한줄씩 읽게 된다.
예를 들어 파일에 “CoolnDancenParty” 로 되어 있으면 Cool Dance Party
이런식으로 읽히게 된다.
Mission #64: To-Do List¶
11.2 Using Modules¶
toDoList.txt
Test
test
test
파일에 입력을 하고
toDoFile = open("toDoList.txt", "w")
toDoList = ""
toDoItem = input("Enter a to do list item: ")
while toDoItem != "exit":
toDoList = toDoList + toDoItem + " \n"
toDoItem = input("Enter a to do list item: ")
toDoFile.write(toDoList)
toDoFile.close()
그 화일을 읽는 연습이다.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
toDoList = open("toDoList.txt", "r")
for line in toDoList:
mc.postToChat(line)
The pickle Module¶
다음처럼 사용한다.
import pickle
locations = {'John': 'Forest', 'Phillipa': 'Mountains', 'Pete': 'City'}
secretFile= open("secretFile.txt", "wb")
pickle.dump(locations, secretFile)
import pickle
secretFile= open("secretFile.txt", "rb")
locations = pickle.load(secretFile)
Importing One Function with the from Clause¶
모듈에서 함수 하나만을 쓸수 있다.
from pickle import dump
locations = {'John': 'Forest', 'Phillipa': 'Mountains', 'Pete': 'City'}
secretFile= open("secretFile", "wb")
dump(locations, secretFile)
from pickle import dump, load
locations = {'John': 'Forest', 'Phillipa': 'Mountains', 'Pete': 'City'}
secretFile= open("secretFile", "wb")
dump(locations, secretFile)
locations = load(secretFile)
print(locations['Phillipa'])
Importing All Functions with *¶
*를 사용하면 모든 함수를 로딩하게 된다. *를 쓰면 편하긴 한데 여러 모듈을 한꺼번에 쓰면 동일 함수명을 쓰는것에 충돌을 가져올 수 있다. 그래서 *를 지양하고 특정 함수를 쓰는것을 권장한다. 모듈내 함수가 어떤것인지 몰라 테스트용으로 쓸때 권장한다.
Giving a Module a Nickname¶
모듈을 로딩해서 특정 이름으로 할당할 수 있다.
import pickle as p
p.dump(locations, secretFile)
Mission #65: Save a Building¶
한쪽맵에서 빌딩을 저장한 파일을 다른쪽에 옮기는 미션이다.
Part 1: Saving the Building¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import pickle
def sortPair(val1, val2):
if val1 > val2:
return val2, val1
else:
return val1, val2
def copyStructure(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2):
x1, x2 = sortPair(x1, x2)
y1, y2 = sortPair(y1, y2)
z1, z2 = sortPair(z1, z2)
width = x2 - x1
height = y2 - y1
length = z2 - z1
structure = []
print("Please wait...")
# Copy the structure
for row in range(height):
structure.append([])
for column in range(width):
structure[row].append([])
for depth in range(length):
block = mc.getBlockWithData(x1 + column, y1 + row, z1 + depth)
structure[row][column].append(block)
return structure
input("Move to the first position and press ENTER in this window")
pos1 = mc.player.getTilePos()
# get the position of the first corner
x1 = pos1.x
y1 = pos1.y
z1 = pos1.z
input("Move to the opposite corner and press ENTER in this window")
pos2 = mc.player.getTilePos()
# get the position of the second corner
x2 = pos2.x
y2 = pos2.y
z2 = pos2.z
structure = copyStructure(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2)
# store the structure in a file
pickleFile = open("pickleFile", "wb")
pickle.dump(structure, pickleFile)
Part 2: Loading the Building¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import pickle
def buildStructure(x, y, z, structure):
xStart = x
zStart = z
for row in structure:
for column in row:
for block in column:
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, block.id, block.data)
z += 1
x += 1
z = zStart
y += 1
x = xStart
pickleFile = open("pickleFile", "rb")
structure = pickle.load(pickleFile)
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
buildStructure(x, y, z, structure)
건물을 다시 만드는 코드이다.
11.3 Storing Lots of Data with the shelve Module¶
pickle은 한번에 한 데이터만 저장할 수 있지만 어떤 프로그램들은 여러 종류의 변수를 넣을 필요가 있다. 여러 데이터를 쓰게 되면 각각 파일을 만들어야 되고 관리도 복잡해지고 힘들다. 파이썬에서는 shelve 모듈을 제공한다. 이것은 한 파일에 여러개의 데이터를 저장할때 쓰인다.
- import shelve
- shelveFile = shelve.open(“locationsFile.db”)
Adding, Modifying, and Accessing Items with shelve¶
수정은 다음과 같이 한다.
import shelve
shelveFile = shelve.open("locationsFile.db")
shelveFile['Beatrice'] = 'Submarine'
shelveFile.close()
Mission #66: Save a Collection of Structures¶
이전에 저장했던 데이터를 pickle 말고 shelve로 저장하는 미션이다.
Part 1: Saving a Structure to a Collection¶
저장했던 파일을 collection어 넣어 보도록 하자.
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import shelve
def sortPair(val1, val2):
if val1 > val2:
return val2, val1
else:
return val1, val2
def copyStructure(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2):
x1, x2 = sortPair(x1, x2)
y1, y2 = sortPair(y1, y2)
z1, z2 = sortPair(z1, z2)
width = x2 - x1
height = y2 - y1
length = z2 - z1
structure = []
print("Please wait...")
# Copy the structure
for row in range(height):
structure.append([])
for column in range(width):
structure[row].append([])
for depth in range(length):
block = mc.getBlockWithData(x1 + column, y1 + row, z1 + depth)
structure[row][column].append(block)
return structure
input("Move to the first position and press ENTER in this window")
pos1 = mc.player.getTilePos()
# get the position of the first corner
x1 = pos1.x
y1 = pos1.y
z1 = pos1.z
input("Move to the opposite corner and press ENTER in this window")
pos2 = mc.player.getTilePos()
# get the position of the second corner
x2 = pos2.x
y2 = pos2.y
z2 = pos2.z
structure = copyStructure(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2)
# name the structure
structureName = input('What do you want to call the structure? ')
# store the structure in a file
shelveFile = shelve.open("shelveFile.db")
shelveFile[structureName] = structure
shelveFile.close()
Part 2: Loading a Structure from a Collection¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import shelve
def buildStructure(x, y, z, structure):
xStart = x
zStart = z
for row in structure:
for column in row:
for block in column:
mc.setBlock(x, y, z, block.id, block.data)
z += 1
x += 1
z = zStart
y += 1
x = xStart
structureDictionary = shelve.open("shelveFile.db")
structureName = input("Enter the structure's name ")
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
buildStructure(x, y, z, structureDictionary[structureName])
11.4 Installing New Modules with pip¶
파이썬은 기본 모듈 이외에도 많은 모듈들이 존재한다. 기본적으로 pip을 이용해서 이런 모듈을 인스톨 한다. 최근의 python 3버젼은 pip이 내장되어 있다. 없는 경우는 pip 모듈을 인스톨 해야 한다.
사용법은 다음과 같다.
pip install Flask
11.5 Using a Module from pip: Flask¶
다음 코드를 실행해 보자. 간단한 웹서버를 구성해 보자.
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route("/")
def showName():
return "Craig Richardson"
app.run()
11.6 What You Learned¶
how to read and write to files using Python’s standard library
giving you control over files when you create your own programs.
use modules, which extend Python’s capabilities
chapter 12: Getting Classy with Object-Oriented Programming¶
객체지향 프로그램에 대해서 알아본다 . OOP(Object-Oriented-Programming) 객체지향 프로그램은 모든 사물을 객체로 보고 각각 기능과 변수들을 정의 하고 쓰는 개념이다. 그렇게 정의된 함수나 변수들의 집단을 Class라고 정의 하고 이 함수나 변수들을 재사용하는게 가장 중요한 요소가 된다. class에서 쓰이는 fuction을 method라고 한다. 그리고 변수들을 attribute라고 한다. OOP의 특성이나 기능들은 차차 알아보도록 하자.
12.1 Object-Oriented Basics¶
파이썬에서 클래스는 다음과 같이 정의한다.
class ClassName(object):
def __init__(self):
# Body of init
12.2 Creating a Class¶
다음의 클래스를 만들어 보자.
class Cat(object):
owner = "Craig"
def __init__(self, name, weight):
self.name = name
self.weight = weight
def eat(self, food):
self.weight = self.weight + 0.05
print(self.name + " is eating " + food)
def eatAndSleep(self, food):
self.eat(food)
print(self.name + " is now sleeping...")
def getWeightInGrams(self):
return self.weight * 1000
fluff = Cat("Fluff", 4.5) # Object 생성
print(fluff.owner)
stella = Cat("Stella", 3.9) # Object 생성
print(stella.owner) # Accessing Attributes
print(fluff.weight) #Accessing Attributes
fluff.eat("tuna")
fluff.eatAndSleep("tuna")
print(fluff.getWeightInGrams())
print(fluff.name)
print(stella.name)
fluff.eat("tuna")
stella.eat("cake")
stella.owner = "Matthew"
print(stella.owner)
print(fluff.owner)
Mission #68: Location Objects¶
위치 이동하는 클래스를 만들어 보자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
class Location(object):
def __init__(self, x, y, z):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.z = z
bedroom = Location(64, 52, -8)
mc.player.setTilePos(bedroom.x, bedroom.y, bedroom.z)
12.3 Understanding Methods¶
Mission #69: Ghost House¶
다음 미션을 알아보도록 하자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import time
class Building(object):
def __init__(self, x, y, z, width, height, depth):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.z = z
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.depth = depth
def build(self):
mc.setBlocks(self.x, self.y, self.z,
self.x + self.width, self.y + self.height, self.z + self.depth, 4)
mc.setBlocks(self.x + 1, self.y + 1, self.z + 1,
self.x + self.width - 1, self.y + self.height - 1, self.z + self.depth - 1, 0)
self.buildWindows()
self.buildDoor()
def clear(self):
mc.setBlocks(self.x, self.y, self.z,
self.x + self.width, self.y + self.height, self.z + self.depth, 0)
def buildWindows(self):
mc.setBlock(self.x + (self.width / 4 * 3), self.y + 2, self.z, 0)
mc.setBlock(self.x + (self.width / 4), self.y + 2, self.z, 0)
def buildDoor(self):
mc.setBlocks(self.x + (self.width / 2), self.y + 1, self.z, self.x + (self.width / 2), self.y + 2, self.z, 0)
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
ghostHouse = Building(x, y, z, 10, 6, 8)
ghostHouse.build()
time.sleep(30)
ghostHouse.clear()
ghostHouse.x = 8
12.4 Returning Values with Methods¶
당연히 Function에서 배웠듯이 리턴값을 반환한다.
Mission #70: Ghost Castle¶
다음 미션을 수행해 보도록 하자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import time
class NamedBuilding(object):
def __init__(self, x, y, z, width, height, depth, name):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.z = z
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.depth = depth
self.name = name
def build(self):
mc.setBlocks(self.x, self.y, self.z,
self.x + self.width, self.y + self.height, self.z + self.depth, 4)
mc.setBlocks(self.x + 1, self.y + 1, self.z + 1,
self.x + self.width - 1, self.y + self.height - 1, self.z + self.depth - 1, 0)
self.buildWindows()
self.buildDoor()
def clear(self):
mc.setBlocks(self.x, self.y, self.z,
self.x + self.width, self.y + self.height, self.z + self.depth, 0)
def getInfo(self):
return self.name + "'s location is at " + str(self.x) + ", " + str(self.y) + ", " + str(self.z)
def buildWindows(self):
mc.setBlock(self.x + (self.width / 4 * 3), self.y + 2, self.z, 0)
mc.setBlock(self.x + (self.width / 4), self.y + 2, self.z, 0)
def buildDoor(self):
mc.setBlocks(self.x + (self.width / 2), self.y + 1, self.z, self.x + (self.width / 2), self.y + 2, self.z, 0)
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
ghostCastle = NamedBuilding(x, y, z, 10, 16, 16, "Ghost Castle")
ghostCastle.build()
mc.postToChat(ghostCastle.getInfo())
time.sleep(30)
ghostCastle.clear()
12.5 Creating Multiple Objects¶
class안에는 여러개 object를 생성할 수 있다.
Mission #71: Ghost Town¶
다음 미션을 수행해 보도록 하자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import time
class Building(object):
def __init__(self, x, y, z, width, height, depth):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.z = z
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.depth = depth
def build(self):
mc.setBlocks(self.x, self.y, self.z,
self.x + self.width, self.y + self.height, self.z + self.depth, 4)
mc.setBlocks(self.x + 1, self.y + 1, self.z + 1,
self.x + self.width - 1, self.y + self.height - 1, self.z + self.depth - 1, 0)
self.buildWindows()
self.buildDoor()
def clear(self):
mc.setBlocks(self.x, self.y, self.z,
self.x + self.width, self.y + self.height, self.z + self.depth, 0)
def buildWindows(self):
mc.setBlock(self.x + (self.width / 4 * 3), self.y + 2, self.z, 0)
mc.setBlock(self.x + (self.width / 4), self.y + 2, self.z, 0)
def buildDoor(self):
mc.setBlocks(self.x + (self.width / 2), self.y + 1, self.z, self.x + (self.width / 2), self.y + 2, self.z, 0)
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
ghostHouse = Building(x, y, z, 10, 6, 8)
ghostHouse.build()
time.sleep(30)
ghostHouse.clear()
ghostHouse.x = 8
다음은 마을을 형성하는 코드이다.
import time
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
class Building(object):
def __init__(self, x, y, z, width, height, depth):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.z = z
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.depth = depth
def build(self):
mc.setBlocks(self.x, self.y, self.z,
self.x + self.width, self.y + self.height, self.z + self.depth, 4)
mc.setBlocks(self.x + 1, self.y + 1, self.z + 1,
self.x + self.width - 1, self.y + self.height - 1, self.z + self.depth - 1, 0)
self.buildWindows()
self.buildDoor()
def clear(self):
mc.setBlocks(self.x, self.y, self.z,
self.x + self.width, self.y + self.height, self.z + self.depth, 0)
def buildWindows(self):
mc.setBlock(self.x + (self.width / 4 * 3), self.y + 2, self.z, 0)
mc.setBlock(self.x + (self.width / 4), self.y + 2, self.z, 0)
def buildDoor(self):
mc.setBlocks(self.x + (self.width / 2), self.y + 1, self.z, self.x + (self.width / 2), self.y + 2, self.z, 0)
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
ghostHouse = Building(x, y, z, 10, 6, 8)
shop = Building(x + 12, y, z, 8, 12, 10)
hospital = Building(x + 25, y, z - 1, 30, 40, 30)
bakery = Building(x - 12, y - 5, z, 9, 11, 13)
ghostHouse.build()
shop.build()
hospital.build()
bakery.build()
time.sleep(30)
ghostHouse.clear()
shop.clear()
hospital.clear()
bakery.clear()
12.6 Class Attributes¶
When multiple objects share the same attribute, it’s called a class attribute.
12.7 Understanding Inheritance¶
OOP의 가장 큰 특징중에 하나가 상속성이다. 상위 클래스를 받아서 하위 클래스를 생성하면 상위 클래스 매쏘드나 머트리붓을 모두 갖는 특징을 갖는다. 그림으로 보면 다음과 같다. superclass <->subclass 관계이다.
Inheriting a Class¶
Class 상속은 다음과 같이 쓰인다.
class Bird(object):
def __init__(self, name, wingspan):
self.name = name
self.wingspan = wingspan
def birdcall(self):
print("chirp")
def fly(self):
print("flap")
class Penguin(Bird):
def swim(self):
print("swimming")
def birdcall(self):
print("sort of a quack")
def fly(self):
print("Penguins cannot fly :(")
class Parrot(Bird):
def __init__(self, name, wingspan, color):
self.name = name
self.wingspan = wingspan
self.color = color
gardenBird = Bird("Geoffrey", 12)
gardenBird.birdcall()
gardenBird.fly()
sarahThePenguin = Penguin("Sarah", 10)
sarahThePenguin.swim()
sarahThePenguin.fly()
sarahThePenguin.birdcall()
freddieTheParrot = Parrot("Freddie", 12, "blue")
print(freddieTheParrot.color)
freddieTheParrot.fly()
freddieTheParrot.birdcall()
Mission #72: Ghost Hotel¶
다음 미션을 수행해 보도록 하자.
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
import time
class Building(object):
def __init__(self, x, y, z, width, height, depth):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.z = z
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.depth = depth
def build(self):
mc.setBlocks(self.x, self.y, self.z,
self.x + self.width, self.y + self.height, self.z + self.depth, 4)
mc.setBlocks(self.x + 1, self.y + 1, self.z + 1,
self.x + self.width - 1, self.y + self.height - 1, self.z + self.depth - 1, 0)
self.buildWindows()
self.buildDoor()
def clear(self):
mc.setBlocks(self.x, self.y, self.z,
self.x + self.width, self.y + self.height, self.z + self.depth, 0)
def buildWindows(self):
mc.setBlock(self.x + (self.width / 4 * 3), self.y + 2, self.z, 0)
mc.setBlock(self.x + (self.width / 4), self.y + 2, self.z, 0)
def buildDoor(self):
mc.setBlocks(self.x + (self.width / 2), self.y + 1, self.z, self.x + (self.width / 2), self.y + 2, self.z, 0)
class FancyBuilding(Building):
def upgrade(self):
# carpet
mc.setBlocks(self.x + 1, self.y, self.z + 1,
self.x + self.width - 1, self.y, self.z + self.depth - 1,
35, 6)
# flowers
mc.setBlocks(self.x - 1, self.y, self.z - 1,
self.x - 1, self.y, self.z + self.depth + 1,
37)
mc.setBlocks(self.x - 1, self.y, self.z - 1,
self.x + self.width + 1, self.y, self.z - 1,
37)
mc.setBlocks(self.x + self.width + 1, self.y, self.z - 1,
self.x + self.width + 1, self.y, self.z + self.depth + 1,
37)
mc.setBlocks(self.x - 1, self.y, self.z + self.depth + 1,
self.x + self.width + 1, self.y, self.z + self.depth + 1,
37)
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
ghostHotel = FancyBuilding(x, y, z, 10, 6, 8)
ghostHotel.build()
ghostHotel.upgrade()
time.sleep(30)
ghostHotel.clear()
12.8 Overriding Methods and Attributes¶
subclass에서 superclass에서 정의한 method를 다시 정의할 수 있다.
다음 미션을 수행해 보자.
Mission #73: Ghost Tree¶
import time
from mcpi.minecraft import Minecraft
mc = Minecraft.create()
class Building(object):
def __init__(self, x, y, z, width, height, depth):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.z = z
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.depth = depth
def build(self):
mc.setBlocks(self.x, self.y, self.z,
self.x + self.width, self.y + self.height, self.z + self.depth, 4)
mc.setBlocks(self.x + 1, self.y + 1, self.z + 1,
self.x + self.width - 1, self.y + self.height - 1, self.z + self.depth - 1, 0)
self.buildWindows()
self.buildDoor()
def clear(self):
mc.setBlocks(self.x, self.y, self.z,
self.x + self.width, self.y + self.height, self.z + self.depth, 0)
def buildWindows(self):
mc.setBlock(self.x + (self.width / 4 * 3), self.y + 2, self.z, 0)
mc.setBlock(self.x + (self.width / 4), self.y + 2, self.z, 0)
def buildDoor(self):
mc.setBlocks(self.x + (self.width / 2), self.y + 1, self.z, self.x + (self.width / 2), self.y + 2, self.z, 0)
class Tree(Building):
def build(self):
"""Creates a tree at the coordinates given"""
wood = 17
leaves = 18
# trunk
mc.setBlocks(self.x, self.y, self.z, self.x, self.y + 5, self.z, wood)
# leaves
mc.setBlocks(self.x - 2, self.y + 6, self.z - 2, self.x + 2, self.y + 6, self.z + 2, leaves)
mc.setBlocks(self.x - 1, self.y + 7, self.z - 1, self.x + 1, self.y + 7, self.z + 1, leaves)
def clear(self):
"""Clears a tree at the coordinates given"""
wood = 0
leaves = 0
# trunk
mc.setBlocks(self.x, self.y, self.z, self.x, self.y + 5, self.z, wood)
# leaves
mc.setBlocks(self.x - 2, self.y + 6, self.z - 2, self.x + 2, self.y + 6, self.z + 2, leaves)
mc.setBlocks(self.x - 1, self.y + 7, self.z - 1, self.x + 1, self.y + 7, self.z + 1, leaves)
pos = mc.player.getTilePos()
x = pos.x
y = pos.y
z = pos.z
ghostTree = Tree(x, y, z, 10, 6, 8)
ghostTree.build()
time.sleep(10)
ghostTree.clear()